Steam-boiler



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C. C. PECK.

STEAM BOILER.

No. 498,941. v Patented June 6, 1893.

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Patented June 6, 1898.

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BOILER.

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Patented June 6, 1893.

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(No Model.)

No. 498,941. Patented June 6, 1893.

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No. 498,941; Patented June 6, 1893.

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8 Sheets-Sheet 7. O. O. PEUK. STEAM BOILER.

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Patented June 6, 1893.

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No. 498,941. Patented June 6, 1 893.

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UNITED STATES PATENT FFIcE.

CASSIUS C. PECK, OF YVARSAVV, NEW YORK.

STEAM-BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 498,941, dated June 6, 1893.

Application filed February 29, 1892. Serial No. 423,255- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CASSIUS O. PEGK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Warsaw, in the county of Wyoming and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Boilers, of which the following is a specification sufficient to enable others skilled, in the art to which the invention appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates especially to the class of steam boilers knownas shell boilers, and is applicable to the three divisions or types thereof known as stationary, marine, and locomotive boilers.

The main object of my invention is to increase the efficiency of shell boilers, to render them more safe in use than heretofore, andto insure the production of dry steam. This I accomplish by, and my invention consists in, the special combination and arrangement as herein set forth of a tubular shell boiler or heater and a steam separating drum,the two being connected and communicating with portion of theheater shell for the return of the water thereto, and the other connecting passage opening into the heater shell a comparatively short distance below the said water line. By this means I attain a continuous, even, uniform, natural circulation of the whole body of water between and through the heater shell and the steam separating drum, entirely below a common water level, with the least possible disturbance of the said water surface. The effects of this uniform movement of the boilerwater continuously in one direction may be summarized as follows: In firing up, the boiler water circulation commences as soon as fire is lighted in the furnace, the whole mass of water partaking of the gyratory motion imparted by thefurnace heat according to the well known principle of water circulation. Thus, as the water in the heater becomes warm it rises in the heater and passes through the upper connection into the steam separating drum, below the water level and a corresponding amount returns to the boiler from the separating drum by means of the lower connection. This causes the whole structure to become uniformly heated, and preserves it from the immense strains due to unequal expansion, which strains prove very injurious in practice, and oftentimes destructive in shell boilers of large size and of the usual construction. This objectionable feature of shell boilers as heretofore constructed is so well known that means are often employed for efiecting a mechanical circulation of the water to insure uniform heating when starting a fire in the boiler furnace. The steady and rapid circulation of all the boiler water which I effect below the water level prevents settling of cold feed water in any part of the structure, and also tends to bring all solid deposits from the water to points where they can be blown out, or removed by hand. In its effects upon steam production the constant movement of the whole mass of water thus effected by me through the shell of the heater and the separator below a common water level common to both, is of especial importance. 1n passing over the heated surfaces of the fire tubes the water wipes off or absorbs heat rapidly, and at the same time removes steam bubbles as fast as formed, and

conveys them in the most direct way to the point of delivery from the comparatively quiet surface of the water in the steam separating drum. In ordinary multi-tubular boilers there is necessarily great confusion of currents which reduces the efficiency or value of the heating surface. and results in the generation of wet steam. The rising currents of steam and more highly heated water are met and opposed by corresponding currents of descending cooler water, thus interfering with the escape of steam bubbles and increasing the tendency to foam, while lessening the amount of heat which can be carried away from the tube surfaces. By my arrangement of the connections and circulation entirely ICC) at two, or more points by means of short pipes extending from the upper part of the cylin drical boiler shell to the under side of said cylinder or drum above, but such structures are not the equivalent of my invention. In such cases the connections are all practically on the same level and do not materially affect the circulation of water; whereas in my invention the essential feature is thecreation and maintenance of a natural but nevertheless positive circulation of the whole body of water below the water level between and through the boiler shell and steam separating chamber by conducting the more highly heated water from the top of the boiler shell to the steam separating chamber, below the Water level and returning the cooler water from the" said steam separating chamber'to the lower portion of the boiler shell. Unless the lower portion of the steam separating chamber is thus connected with the lower portion; of the steam boiler shell below the waterlinethe essential conditions of my inventioii are lacking and there can be no positi*ve",uniform circulation of the whole body of water in one direction belowthe liquid level commonto both boiler and separator;

In the a'ccom panyin g drawings, Figure 1 is a front view of myimproved construction of steainboiler; Fig. 2, a side elevation of' the same, the furnace and supporting masonry being shown in vertical section on plane of line 00, m, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a rear elevation of the same. Fig. 4, is a central longitudinal vertical section also on plane of line 00, a, Fig. 1. Fig. 5, is a transverse vertical section on plane of line 2 Fig. 2', showing the connection between the upper part of the boiler shell and the steam separating drum; Fig. 6,.

a transverse section on plane of line 2,2, Fig. 2, showing aconnection between the steam separating chamber and the lower portion of the boiler shell. Fig. 7, is a transverse sectional elevation showing the steam separatiiig chamber arranged vertically with relation to the horizontal boiler shell. Fig. 8, is a sectional elevation illustrating modifications in the relative arrangement.of the boiler shell and steam separating chamber.

In so far as the main feature of my invention is concerned,'the maintenace of a cireulation of the boilerwater through theboiler andsteam separator'below the common water line, it is immaterial whether the boiler shell, A, is placed horizontally, vertically or at any intervening angle. In like manner the steam separatin chamber B, may be placed horizontally, vertically or at any intervenihg'angle; and its position with relation to the boiler shell A, may be varied. Thus in the first six figures of the drawings, both boiler shell and separating chamber are shown as arranged horizontally and parallel to each other, one above the other; in Fig. 7, they occupy positions relatively at right angles to each other; while in Fig. 8,'the boiler shell is arranged vertically, and the separatchamber 13, below the water level w, and the lower connection I), uniting the said steam separating chamber B, below the water line w, with thelowerportion of the boiler shell.

Thus in either ,case the principle of operation remains the same, the heated boiler water and steam being delivered from the upper end or side of the heater shell into an independent evaporating and circulating cylinder, from which the boiler water returns to the lower portion of the heater shell, with the result of maintaining a continuous current of the'whole body of'boiler water-below tliewater line in one direction through both shells. A preferredarrangement however is that illustrated in the first six figures of the drawings, in wh-ich the boiler and evaporating chamber are arranged horizontally, theupper or short connection a, being made between the topof the boiler shell and the under side of the evaporating chamber near the front or furnace end of the apparatus; and the lower or long connection Z), between the under side of the steamseparatin g c-l ranrber B, and thelower portion of the boiler shell A, consisting of an annular passage or jacket surrounding the boiler shell and opening into the bottom of the boiler through an aperture a, shown in Fig. 6. Instead of thus constructing the lower connection I), in the form of an annular jacket, a pipe of circular cross section may be used, or two pipes, one on either side of the heater A, can be used to connect the latter with the separating'drum B. The whole area of the shell A, (except the space for man holes not shown) is occupied by longitudinal tubes or fines 0', arranged at suitable distances apart with relation to each other, the inter- Vening space being filled by the boilerwater which extends up to the level 10, in the steam separating chamber B.

It will be noticed that by the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6, the circulation of the boiler-water will be effected below the water line in a direction opposite to that taken by the products of combustion through the fire tines, thus rendering the transfer of heat from the furnace gases to the boiler water more elfective and at the same time augmenting'the circulation of the water since it attains tothe highest degree of heat at the furnace end of the shell immediately under the short eduction passage a, leading from the top of the boiler shell to the steam separating chamber.

The front end of the boiler shell A, is set in and inclosed by the fire brick composing one wallof the furnace F, so that only the end plate or head and tubes are exposed to IIO the direct action of the furnace gases. This will be seen by reference to Figs. 2, 3 and 5, the latter showing a section of the solid wall of fire brick or other refractory material in which the end of the boiler shell is set.

The whole furnace is made of fire brick or other refractory materiah'the walls being of a thickness sufficient -to prevent theescape of heat in any considerable degree. The upper front part f, of the furnace, is inclined toward the exposed head or end of the boiler shell cylinder so as to more effectually deflect and radiate the gases and heat into the fire fiues.

The rear end of the boiler shell is formed with an extension H, beyond the rearend plate orhead a in which the fire tubes 0, end. This extension H, is inolosed by an end plate h, and thus constitutes a smoke box into and from which the products of combustion are drawn by means of a rotating fan I, the suction passage of which t', opens directly into and forms a continuation of the smoke box H.

I am aware that a boiler and an independent steamseparating chamber have been arranged one above the other and connected by pipes for the purpose of effecting a circulation of the water between them, as in German Patent No. 2,400, of 1877; but in such case the inlet into the independent steam separating chamber is above the water level therein whereas the essential and distinguishing fea ture of my invention, and the one to which I restrict myself, consists in arranging both the inlet and outletpassages so that they open into the independent steam separating chamber below the water level therein. Where the inlet is situated above the water level as in the patent referred to the water has to be raised bodily above the said water line, and this can only be done by the use of a comparatively small pipe or passage so as to compel the steam formed in the boiler to carry upward with it acertain amount of water, as happens in the objectionable feature of priming to which this operation would be equivalent. If the upward passage to the independent separating chamber were made large enough the steam would bubble up freely through the water without carrying any appreciable quantityof the latter over and the water would stand permanently in the connection'pipe at the same level as that in the separatin g chamher, which water level being below the mouth' the steam separating chamber, it not only impedes rapid circulation of the water but also inevitably produces wet steam, one of the very results sought to be avoided by applicant.

I am also aware that water coils have been arranged in a furnace and connected with an exterior steam separating chamber by a return conduit below the water line and a steam and hot water conduit opening into the said separatorchamber at or above the water line, as in the patent to Brock, No. 121,079, of November 21, 1871, but such an arrangement is not the equivalent of mine, which is designed especially for the production of dry steam,whereas in the use of the coil referred to it would be practically impossible to obtain anything but wet steam. For instance, the Water level in one form of the Brock apparatus is below the inlet while in the other form it barely reaches above the lower edge of the small circularinlet, so that while natural circulation below the boiling point would be impossible in one form it would be so slow and slight in the other form as to be of no practical utility;'and even Whatever slight circulation might be possible, below the boiling point, over the lower edge of the inlet port would be at the maximum only when the water approximated very nearly to the boiling point, and could not remain long undisturbed for the reason that at the moment steam began to form in the coil it would displace the water, and the discarge into the separator would be an agitated mixture of steam and water, which it is the express object of my invention to obviate. In fact by my invention I overcome the defects of all prior circulatory systems and amenabled to evolve perfectly dry steam from a comparatively smooth liquid surface under which the circulation is maintained constantly and uniformly, the steam having ample opportunity in which to rise to the surface from the circulating water without agitating or disturbing the latter.

The smoke box extension and the, apparatus for exhausting the products of combustion shown herein form the subject matter of a separate application, a sub-division of the present case, andI do not seek to cover herein features claimed in said concurrent application, but confine myself to my special means of ef. fecting a circulation of water in and between the boiler and separator below the water level 7 common to both.

I am aware t-hatit has been proposed to connect together independent tubular boilers in such manner as to afford a circulation of both water and steam between them, the products of combustion passing from the primary boiler through the secondary boiler for the purpose of utilizing as far as possible the heat carried from a single furnace by the products of com- ;ing in the use of a separating chamber in which the steam is separated from thewater' at the Water level above all connections with the boiler, the circulation being confined to the water and being entirely below the water line maintained in the separating chamber, and the boiler being ordinarily below the said water line, and consequently full of water. The only exception to this might be that in the case of a vertical boiler a small space might be left in the boiler above the water level common to both boiler shell and separating chamber, but in this case the boiler would be considered as practically full, since there would be no escape of steam collecting above the water line in the boiler, no circulation of steam, and the circulation of Water would be maintained entirely below the Water line,the results being practically the same as in the arrangement of horizontal boiler and separating chamberherein shown and described.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isp 1. The combination of a furnace, a boiler shell containing fire lines through which the products of combustion. fromsaid furnace pass, an independent steam separating 'chamber situated in such relation to the said boiler shell'that'a water-level and steam separating surface common to both may be maintained in the separating chamber,aconduitsituated wholly below the waterlevel and connecting the upper part of the saidboiler shell with the separating chamber, and another conduit also situated entirely below the Water level and connecting said separating chamber with the lower portion of the saidboiler shell, substantially in the manner andfor the purpose described. l

2. The combination of afurnace,ahorizontal boiler shell formed with a series of fire tubes an independenthorizontal steam separating chamber above the boiler shell, a conduit connecting the upper portion of one end of the boiler shell with the separating chamber above, and a conduit connecting the other end of said separating'chamb'er with thelower portion of the steam boiler said last'mentioned conduit consisting in part of an'annular jacket surrounding the boiler shell,'substantially in the manner and 'for the purpose described. I

OASSIUS C. PljlOK.

Witnesses:

J 0. 11001111113, W. E. MILLER. 

